SinoAdmin, Author at Online Chinese learning

What is Chinese HSK? Why is it needed?

Chinese HSK is the abbreviation of Chinese Proficiency Test and is an international standard skill test for non-native Chinese speakers. HSK is the official Chinese language test for foreigners, similar to the Cambridge English test. The test was introduced by the Chinese government in 2010.

The HSK exam consists of two separate sections: a written exam and an oral exam. The written examination is divided into six levels: HSK Level 1 to HSK Level 6, and the oral examination is subdivided into three stages: HSK Basic, HSK Intermediate to HSK Advanced.

When you apply to study in China, this is one of the requirements for Chinese-taught master’s and bachelor’s degrees. HSK is an international standard Chinese proficiency test that focuses on the communicative skills of non-native language candidates in life, study and work.

Universities in China require HSK accreditation to allow international students to study Chinese-taught courses. Some companies also use HSK as a requirement to hire international talent to work in their China offices.

Chinese HSK candidates are able to understand and use some simple Chinese words and sentences to meet specific communicative needs, and have the ability to further learn Chinese.

Through HSK (Level 2), candidates can communicate directly and directly in Chinese on familiar daily topics, and reach an excellent level of elementary Chinese.

Through HSK (Level 3), candidates can use Chinese to complete basic communication tasks in life, study, work, etc., and can cope with most of the communication tasks encountered when traveling in China.

HSK (Level 4) candidates can talk about a wide range of topics in Chinese and can communicate more fluently with native Chinese speakers.

HSK (Level 5) candidates can read Chinese newspapers and magazines, enjoy Chinese films and TV programs, and give more complete speeches with Chinese.

HSK (Level 6) candidates can easily understand what they hear or read in Chinese and express their opinions fluently in Chinese either orally or in writing.

HSK follows the principle of “combined teaching”, and the test design is closely related to the current situation of international Chinese teaching. In addition, it also emphasizes the use of teaching materials to achieve the purpose of “promoting teaching through examination” and “promoting learning through examination”.

HSK pays more attention to the objectivity and accuracy of evaluation, and also pays attention to the cultivation of candidates’ ability to apply Chinese in daily life.

In addition, clear test objectives are set to help candidates plan and effectively improve their Chinese proficiency. For many, saying Chinese is still exotic. But is it that hard?

With nearly 1.3 billion speakers worldwide, Chinese is one of the most important languages in the world. But there is an insurmountable aura around: learning the language will be extremely difficult.

Chinese the text that he is most proud of is a kind of “logo graphic text”, in which a picture shows a field of meaning. To read the newspaper smoothly, you have to master about 2500 characters, but there are many more, about 80,000 characters.

It remains the oldest script used worldwide. People are also attracted to the aesthetics of the characters. Can you write out these characters by copying them? No, there are strict rules for this. For each character, you must draw some dashes in the correct order. In the long run, computers can automate the writing process.

Linguists pour all sounds into a clear table, with different combinations. But then there’s the tone. There are four different tones. Depending on the tone of voice you use, the meaning changes.

How do you write these characters into beautiful sentences? Surprisingly, it’s not even that hard. Chinese use “syntactic simplicity”: many things that make language difficult, such as singular/plural, Chinese not.

The order of the sentences is crucial. Chinese is also a special contextual language, and social context plays an important role. “Have you eaten?” It could mean “How are you?” Cultural knowledge is crucial.

Chinese scholars have one of the best admissions services in China. We provide Chinese HSK assistance to more than 5,000 international students in China every year. Our partnerships span multiple industries to provide real opportunity and value to our clients. Chinese scholars will help you gain admission to Chinese universities and study in China.

With over a decade of experience, we are the most extensive student mobility program in China, covering every aspect you need. We also support you during your stay in China with comprehensive packages.

In addition to the professional admission process, we encourage you to go through career development, internship programs, learning success, and job introductions. While in China, you will be able to fully participate in our entrepreneurial programs, career events, and senior coaching community.

Learn about Compass Civilization and learn about Chinese Learning Center

Today we will learn about the compass, one of China’s four great inventions. Through the understanding of the compass, children can deepen their love for Chinese, choose Chinese learning center, and lay a good foundation for future learning.

The compass, also known as the north arrow, is mainly composed of a magnetic needle mounted on the shaft, the magnetic needle can rotate freely under the action of the natural geomagnetic field and remain in the tangent direction of the magnetic meridian, the north pole of the magnetic needle points to the geographic north pole, using this performance to identify the direction.

Compasses are commonly used in navigation, geodesy, travel, and military applications. The invention of the compass, which physically indicates the direction, consists of three parts, namely the Sinan, the compass and the magnetic needle, all of which belong to the Chinese invention.

The invention of the compass is the result of the working people’s understanding of the magnetism of objects in long-term practice. As a result of production labor, people came into contact with magnetite and began to understand the properties of magnetism.

The properties of magnet fuses were first discovered, and later the directivity of magnets was discovered. After many experiments and research, the compass with great practical value was finally invented.

The principle of indicating direction is because the Earth is a large magnet, its geomagnetic south pole is near the geographic north pole, and the geomagnetic north pole is near the geographic south pole.

The compass is subjected to magnetic force in the Earth’s magnetic field, so it will guide one end and point north at the other. And the first to answer the question of “why can a compass guide” was not Chinese, but the British scientist Gilbert.

The compass is also called the compass needle, and the introduction of Si Nan must start with a magnet. Magnets are often called “magnets”, and they suck many iron filings together, just like a kind mother attracts her children, so people call it “cishi”.

Magnets attract iron because each magnet has different magnetic poles at both ends, one end is called the positive electrode, and the other end is called the negative electrode.

The earth inhabited by humans is also a natural large magnet, the north and south ends of the earth also have different magnetic poles, the north pole of the earth is the negative magnetic pole, the south pole of the earth positive magnetic pole.

According to the principle of same-sex magnetic pole phase repulsion and heterosexual magnetic pole phase attraction, take a magnetic needle that can rotate freely, no matter where you stand on the earth, its positive pole always points north, and the negative pole is always a guide.

During the Warring States period, people used the characteristics of magnets to indicate the north and south to make a guide tool – Sinan.

However, what Si Nan looked like during the Warring States period cannot be verified. The illustration of the “History of China” textbook, “Sinan”, is based on the exhibit “The Han Dynasty Si Nan Model” exhibited by the China Museum of History.

This model was made by later generations based on historical records and physical Han Dynasty sites unearthed underground. The site is made of bronze, with an inner circle and an outer circle, and the central round face is very smoothly ground to ensure the accuracy of the spoon’s direction.

The outer periphery of the central circle is arranged in order Bagua, Tiangan, Earth Branch and Twenty-eight Suku, for a total of 24 directions.

The small spoon in the center of the site is ground with a whole piece of natural magnet, the positive pole of the magnet is ground into the long handle of Sinan, and the bottom of the spoon head is a hemispherical surface, which is very smooth.

When using, first lay the ground flat, then put Si Nan in the middle of the site, use your hand to pluck the spoon handle to make it turn, and when Si Nan stops, the direction pointed by the spoon handle is south.

This spoon-shaped sinan was still used until the eighth century. According to historical records, it was first discovered that natural magnets could attract iron, and then it was found that magnets used geomagnetic attraction to always point to the southern end, so that in the Warring States period in the third century BC, people used natural magnetite to grind into a compass called “Sinan” at that time.

He also invented a wooden man mounted on the car, with many gears in the car, and no matter how the car turned, the wooden man’s hand always pointed to the southern “guide car”.

The compass spread to Arabia around the end of the twelfth century and the beginning of the thirteenth century, and then from Arabia to Europe, and later Europe evolved into a dry compass, and then returned to China through Japan in the Ming Dynasty.

The guide’s greatest influence on the West is the embarkation of its overseas expeditions.

Combined with the planned overseas expeditions of the country at that time, as well as the cooperation of astronomy, geography, shipbuilding, and navigation technology, coupled with the use of the compass, it led to a series of overseas explorations in the West. Worldwide, the use of the compass at sea led to the subsequent discovery of the American continent by Columbus (c. 1451–1506) and Magellan’s (c. 1480–1521) circumnavigation of the globe.

This has greatly accelerated the process of world economic development and provided the indispensable prerequisites for the development of capitalism.

The compass is the result of the ancient Chinese working people’s understanding of magnetism in long-term practice. As one of the four great inventions of ancient China, its invention has played an inestimable role in the development of human science and technology and civilization.

In ancient China, the compass was first used in rituals, ceremonies, military and divination, and to determine orientation when looking at feng shui. I was deeply impressed by the wisdom of the ancients!

Chinese culture is vast and profound, interested children can try our Chinese Learning Center, where we have a dedicated teacher one-on-one customized service. Children can ask questions in the Q&A area in the Chinese Learning Center.

I hope that the children’s Chinese learning journey can be easy and enjoyable, and I look forward to meeting you~

让儿童中文写作班给癌症儿童打开一扇光明的窗户

最近，新加坡儿童癌症基金会举办了首个元宇宙展览和举办儿童中文写作班，这样可以在线上更深入地了解儿童癌症，并为病童和他们的家人加油打气。

这次名为“散发希望”的活动已经走过了20个年头，超过7万人参与它！而今年的削发活动更是吸引了超过4000人的热情参与。这也是自2019年以来，基金会首次恢复举办如此大规模的活动。基金会也推出名为“Hopescape”的元宇宙（metaverse）活动空间。

公众可通过元宇宙空间参与虚拟展览和活动，包括使用虚拟照相亭拍照，或观看削发活动直播，从而了解癌症病童和家庭面对的挑战，以及如何支持他们。新加坡卫生部长王乙康7月29日出席“散发希望”活动时，亲手为儿童癌症康复者李洪削发。

王乙康说：“这些儿童不幸患有癌症，但是通过医疗和临床服务，以及卫生部、整个社会和儿童癌症基金会等机构的支持，我们希望能帮助孩子重获新生。

我知道基金会密切同医院合作，卫生部也会尽最大的努力与基金会合作，确保有需要的儿童得到支持，‘削掉’他们的担忧、经济负担和疾病。” 同时也开展了儿童中文写作班，让孩子们组成一个个学习小组，由志愿者组成教师团队给每个小朋友教中文知识。希望孩子们可以在愉悦的学习氛围中忘记病痛的折磨，让语言的魅力给孩子们留下最美的记忆。

据统计，2023年新加坡有184名儿童被诊断患上癌症。而儿童癌症基金会在过去一年里帮助了整整652名病童和他们的家人。这些孩子们不幸地患上了癌症，但是在医疗和临床服务的帮助下，以及卫生部、社会和儿童癌症基金会等机构的支持下，他们有希望重获新生。

“散发希望”和儿童中文写作班的活动的成功不仅得益于无数热心公众的参与，也离不开儿童癌症基金会和卫生部的大力支持。他们共同努力，让更多的儿童癌症患者能够得到及时的治疗和关怀，为他们的未来带来希望和光明。

儿童癌症基金会举办的这次元宇宙展览，不仅给公众带来了一场别开生面的体验，更让我们更深入地了解了儿童癌症所带来的挑战和困扰，以及我们可以如何帮助这些勇敢的病童及其家人。

让我们一起为他们加油打气，为他们传递希望和温暖的力量！

Read about the invention of gunpowder and learn about private Chinese lessons

Gunpowder is one of the four greatest inventions of ancient China, let’s step into the journey behind gunpowder and fall in love with Chinese, learn Chinese, and learn about private Chinese lessons.

Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of ancient China, which can burn rapidly and regularly under the action of appropriate external energy, and at the same time generate a large amount of high-temperature gas substances.

In the military, it is mainly used as the propellant of guns and artillery shells and the propellant of rockets and missiles and other driving devices of energy, and is an important part of ammunition.

An outstanding achievement in the history of human civilization. Gunpowder is its lethal and deterrent power, bringing mankind the role of stopping wars and security defense, and has become one of the important inventions of human civilization.

Gunpowder, a substance that undergoes a chemical reaction in the form of deflagration or explosion, was invented by Chinese alchemists. In the 7th century AD, the earliest record of gunpowder was recorded in the Dan Jing written by the medical scholar Sun Simiao.

Gunpowder was introduced to Arab countries in the 12th and 13th centuries, and then spread to Europe and the rest of the world.

Gunpowder in the Tang Dynasty: fire attack is a common offensive method used by military experts, at that time, in the fire attack, a weapon called a rocket was used, which was tied to the arrow some flammable substances such as grease, rosin, sulfur, etc., lit and shot out with a bow to burn the enemy’s position.

If gunpowder is used instead of general flammables, the effect is much better. Before the invention of gunpowder, siege and defense of cities used a stone throwing machine to throw stones and grease fireballs to destroy the enemy.

After the invention of gunpowder, stone throwing machines were used to throw powder packs instead of stone and grease fireballs. According to Lu Zhen’s “Records of the Nine Kingdoms” of the Song Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Tang (10th century), Zheng Wang Fan led an army to attack Yuzhang (present-day Nanchang, Jiangxi), “sending a fire” and burning down the city’s Longshamen.

This is probably the earliest record of a siege of a city with gunpowder. Gunpowder in the Two Song Dynasty: In the Two Song Dynasty, gunpowder weapons developed rapidly.

According to the “Song Shi Bingji”: In 970 AD, the military department ordered Shi Feng to promote the rocket method, which is to tie the powder cartridge at the front end of the arrow shaft, and then use the reaction force of the gas ejected by the gunpowder combustion to shoot out the arrow cluster, which is the world’s earliest jet firearm.

In 1000 AD, Tang Fu, a soldier-turned-captain of the Divine Guard, presented rockets, fireballs, fire tribulus terrestris and other firearms he made to the Song court. In 1002, Shi Pu, the training envoy of the Jizhou regiment, also made rockets, fireballs and other firearms, and performed them.

The emergence of gunpowder weapons on the battlefield heralded a series of changes in military history. Transition from the use of cold weapons to the use of firearms. Gunpowder is applied to the first forms of weapons, mainly to take advantage of the burning properties of gunpowder.

Engels spoke highly of China’s first use in the invention of gunpowder: “It has now been undoubtedly confirmed that gunpowder was transmitted from China through India to the Arabs, and then by the Arabs and gunpowder weapons through Spain and into Europe.” “The invention of gunpowder greatly advanced the process of historical development and was one of the important pillars of the European Renaissance.

I was deeply impressed by the wisdom of the ancients! Chinese culture is vast and profound, interested children can try our private Chinese lessons, where we have a dedicated teacher one-on-one customized service.

Children can ask questions in the Q&A area in the private Chinese lessons if they don’t understand anything. I hope that the children’s Chinese learning journey can be easy and enjoyable, and I look forward to meeting you~

Self-study Chinese the basics

Self-taught Chinese is a worthwhile pursuit, Chinese the key to unlocking potential communication with another 100 million people on Earth – a truly remarkable skill. This article is an early guide for those embarking on this journey.

1.Learning Chinese is worth it

Learning a new language requires effort, patience, and a willingness to learn from mistakes. It is also a fun and fulfilling pursuit! While many people think Chinese a difficult language to master, it’s definitely not that hard.

Start learning that people tend to believe! In fact, after just a few months of diligent study, many students have been able to order, ask for directions, travel, talk about their interests, and even have basic conversations with other learners and native speakers.

The rewards don’t stop there! The name alludes to the fact that Mandarin, as a dialect of Chinese mainland, is spoken by more than 90 billion people worldwide, making it the most spoken language in the world! This is just another reason why learning Mandarin is so beneficial.

Knowing how to speak this versatile and engaging language, even just the basics, will open the door for you to travel and explore Chinese culture in China. In addition, China has become an international economic and business superstar, so being able to communicate in Mandarin will be a valuable asset and tool to use in your career.

2.Mandarin is a tonal language

Before you start learning Chinese, remember that just like pitch in music, different Chinese characters have different tones. This is what we mean when we say Chinese is “tone”.

Standard Mandarin has four different tones (or five tones if you consider neutral tones) that give multiple meanings to words that are made up of the same mixture of consonants and vowels. Since tone is an important aspect of a word’s meaning, knowing the correct tone is an important part of learning Chinese.

This in particular can make Chinese a difficult language to learn, but with enough practice, and by improving your Chinese listening, you will be able to distinguish and use the correct tone when conversing! Improving your knowledge of tone will help you avoid making common tone mistakes.

3.Chinese is different from English

Unlike English, which uses the Latin alphabet, Chinese characters are engaging, each with their own unique background, structure, and construction method (we call this stroke order).

As a new Chinese learner, reading and writing Chinese characters can be unfamiliar and will take some time and patience to learn, especially since there are more than 50,000 Chinese characters (although even educated Chinese usually only know about 5,000 Chinese characters).

Luckily, there are plenty of great Chinese reading and writing resources. If you make time every day to study and practice, you will find yourself understood and understood in no time!

4.Chinese speakers

If you’re just starting out self-taught Chinese, it’s often difficult to understand what native speakers are saying. This may be due to the speaker’s speed of speech, the use of unfamiliar words.

By the same token, if you don’t have the opportunity to practice your Chinese aloud with others, you may find, for example, that you use an incorrect tone that makes it difficult for your conversation partner to understand what you mean.

Therefore, it is very important to set aside time every day to listen and speak Mandarin. Depending on your learning style, this can be done in a variety of ways. If you prefer to study in groups, check online to see if there are Chinese clubs or groups that meet regularly in or near your city.

If you prefer to practice speaking in a one-on-one environment, consider hiring a Chinese tutor, or signing up for an online Chinese class. Outside of the classroom, there are some great listening tools such as podcasts, downloadable Chinese lessons, and more, all of which will help you improve your Chinese listening and comprehension.

We are as excited as you are that you want to learn self-taught Chinese and we hope this article helps you get started. If you’re looking to enhance your learning experience and even more, we hope we have fun with the sino-bus Chinese learning site!

学习汉语拼音为线上中文小二教学打好基础！

在我们线上中文小二教学的过程中，最初也是最实用的一个东西就是汉语拼音，因为只有有了拼音我们才能教外国人汉语，才能让他们知道汉字怎么读，所以汉语拼音教案成为对外汉语教学过程中必不可少的一部分。

学习汉语拼音很枯燥，因为它只是一个工具而已。但是应该看到它是一个不可缺少的工具，是学汉语的开始，也是学好汉语的基础。掌握了这个工具，对发音以及以后的线上中文小二教学都有极大的帮助。

所以面对一无所知的初学者也必须要调动他们的积极性，让他们大胆积极地参与。首先是让小朋友不要怕读错，敢于张口，大声地唱出声母、韵母和四声。采用带唱、齐唱、单唱、分组唱等，也可用各种教具帮助教学，包括手势等等。总之，在课堂上营造一个较为轻松的、大家相互关心、共同学习的氛围。

第二是以各种方式鼓励学生，除了说“好”“很好”以外，还可以表情、手势等让学生感到老师的支持和鼓励。在正音的时候，切忌针对一个学生次数过多，尤其是对性格内向的学生。

第三是要解决学生遇到的难点。汉语拼音教学包括韵母、声母和声调等内容，学习时学生会遇到很多问题，老师要找到产生问题的原因并予以解决。

对初学者的教学，这些内容都不需要老师用语言去描述，只需用具体的手势去演示，这样学生就可以集中精力去观察去体验；再加上在老师的调动下，学生的积极参与，学生就能比较容易掌握发音要领了。

对初学者的拼音教学应抓住重点，反复操练，促使学生主动参与到教学中来，从而产生互动效应，并激发学生的学习积极性。汉语拼音是一种表音符号，这些符号是抽象的，因而比较难记，也容易混淆。

但是，学好汉语拼音是很有必要的，这为线上中文小二教学打好基础。因为汉语拼音在小学语文教学中扮演着非常重要的角色，它帮助学生识字、正音，还会影响学生的阅读、写话。

The importance of learning Chinese vocabulary!

Chinese is our Chinese native language, Chinese culture is broad and profound, what are the advantages of learning Chinese vocabulary? Today, I will give you an inventory of the ten advantages of learning Chinese:

🍁The largest number of users
With a population of 6 billion, more than 200 countries and regions, and more than 2,500 ethnic groups, 5,651 languages have been identified. The most spoken languages are: Chinese, English, Hindi, Spanish, Arabic, German, Russian, French, Bengali, Portuguese, etc.

🍁It has a long history and a long history

Oracle Chinese characters are among the three oldest writing systems in the world. Chinese is a relatively convergent and stable language. This enabled the inheritance and development of ancestral wisdom and civilization.

Today’s Chinese students can read the Chu poems of the poet Qu Yuan 2,000 years ago.

🍁Chinese characters use few words, strong word formation power, and large amount of information

Now, the English vocabulary has exceeded 1 million, and ordinary people can’t remember it in a lifetime. According to statistics, there are still 1~20,000 new words produced in English every year.

The new vocabulary of English has little connection with the original vocabulary, and millions of English words come out in this way. In Chinese, there is no need to create new characters, just rely on existing Chinese characters to form new words. All English vocabulary and neologisms can be expressed in 3,500 Chinese characters.

The ability to form Chinese characters is too powerful, and it can also be touched bypass, and the amount of memory is greatly reduced. The famous scholar Ji Xianlin said: “Chinese is the most concise language in the world. The same expression of one meaning, if English takes 60 seconds, Chinese 5 seconds is enough. ”

In English-speaking countries, there are no 20,000 words you don’t want to read a newspaper, and you don’t want to read Time magazine for 30,000 words. Professionals who have graduated from college for 10 years generally need to understand 80,000 words.

The standard for literacy of Chinese characters in China is 1500 words. College students in science and engineering generally master 3500 Chinese characters, and there is no problem in engaging in scientific research. As for reading, reading newspapers, and graduating from primary school, you can do it. The average person can read and write 2,000 Chinese characters.

🍁The Chinese language is open to the influence of Western culture

Classical Chinese is dominated by monophonic words, and vernacular Chinese is dominated by two-tone words. There are too few punctuation marks in classical Chinese to meet the needs of expression, and punctuation marks in vernacular are complete enough to meet the needs of expressing thinking.

There are many short sentences in classical Chinese, the structure of sentences is simple, and there are more long sentences and attached components in vernacular Chinese, and the structure of sentences is much more complex than that of classical Chinese, which greatly increases the expressiveness and logic of the article.

The advantage of vernacular writing is mostly that it accepts the enlightenment of Western languages. The transition from classical Chinese to vernacular is a revolutionary turn. This turning point shows that the Chinese language is open to the influence of Western culture.

🍁Chinese characters focus on right-brain thinking and can develop IQ

Scholars pointed out that learning Chinese vocabulary mainly uses phonetic code, which works in the left hemisphere of the brain, called single-brain writing. Chinese characters are a synthesis of shape, sound, and meaning, which act simultaneously on the left and right hemispheres of the brain, called compound brain writing.

Chinese characters, especially symbols symbolizing graphics, are very beneficial for the development of the right brain, and sound and meaning are simultaneously developed in the left brain, so that the left and right hemispheres of the brain are developed at the same time.

Based on this relationship between Chinese characters and the two hemispheres of the brain, psychologists in Philadelphia conducted an experiment to see if they could correct dyslexia by learning Chinese characters.

First, he taught an American dyslexic teenager to learn Chinese characters and Chinese, and then began the experiment: on a piece of paper, the upper line wrote English sentences, and the lower line wrote Chinese sentences with consent, asking the teenager to read English sentences by looking at Chinese characters.

The teenager, who suffered from dyslexia, pronounced English sentences effortlessly, and the experiment was successful. Such experiments have also been carried out in France and other countries, and have achieved initial success.

It is precisely because of their unique sound, shape and meaning characteristics that Chinese characters constitute more stimulation to the brain than pinyin characters. It should be these beneficial stimuli that promote the brain development of the population in the Chinese character circle country, thereby improving the IQ level.

By learning Chinese vocabulary, people can use both hemispheres of the brain more fully and in a more balanced way, and its significance is very far-reaching.

Chinese basic characters in Chinese printing

Printing is one of the four great inventions of ancient China, following the footsteps of history, let’s explore the Chinese basic characters in printing. From books, newspapers and periodicals to banknotes, printing is closely related to the life of modern people.

Located in Daxing District, Beijing, the China Museum of Printing, with an exhibition area of 5,500 square meters, is currently the world’s largest printing professional museum. Here, the audience can understand the history of the development of printing, see the results of various printing processes, and feel the great role of printing in promoting the progress of human civilization.

💐Inherit the wisdom of the ancients

Writing and papermaking are important conditions for the emergence and development of printing. Archaeological studies have shown that around 4,500 years ago, Chinese writing moved from budding to forming.

Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty invented papermaking with a complete process, and paper made of plant fibers became an excellent carrier of words.

“Chinese woodblock printing technique” is a treasure of traditional culture, and was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2009. Woodblock printing originated in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty, and the book layout, font, paper, ink and binding form of woodblock printing have developed greatly, forming China’s unique book aesthetic culture.

The invention of movable type printing is another milestone in the history of ancient Chinese printing. According to the “Mengxi Pen Talk”, Bisheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented clay movable type printing. The typesetting wheel invented by Wang Zhen in the Yuan Dynasty greatly improved the efficiency of movable type printing.

💐Tell development stories

The Chinese basic characters in ancient Chinese papermaking and printing were transmitted to the West and had an important impact on Western civilization. The printing technology of modern Western industrialization has spread to China, promoting the development of China’s printing industry.

“Geographical Questions and Answers” published by Meihua Library in the late Qing Dynasty, the 1920 edition of the Communist Manifesto printed by the newly printed office, and the inaugural issue of the color monthly magazine “Art Life” printed in 1934… In the “Printing World” exhibition hall, the exhibits reflect the influence of modern Western printing technology after the introduction of modern printing technology into China and the rise of China’s national printing industry.

During the Republican period, the Commercial Press and China Book Company became outstanding representatives of national printing enterprises.

In the early 30s of the 20th century, the establishment of the printing house in the revolutionary base area kicked off the development of the red printing industry. A small and lightweight wooden printing press attracted the attention of reporters.

It is only the size of a small suitcase, weighs only more than 30 kilograms, and is easy to disassemble and assemble, and a mule can pull away. It was built for the needs of guerrilla newspapers during the Anti-Japanese War and was called the “printing press on horseback”.

After the founding of New China, national printing enterprises and red printing factories jointly formed the emerging Chinese printing industry and became an important force in the industrialization of New China.

The invention of printing has taken a big step forward for the development of mankind, and the invention of printing has also promoted the Chinese of basic characters, and the mass production of printed text has made the world better understand Chinese culture!

Of course, in modern times, China has absorbed modern Western technology and has its own inventions in printing, such as Lin Yutang’s bright typewriter and Wang Xuan’s Chinese character laser phototypesetting system.

Printing technology does not need a developed industrial system as a premise, the East and the West can easily learn from each other, will not form much advantage over each other, the key to modern social and cultural competitiveness lies in the free atmosphere and open mind.

Learn about Chinese papermaking and learn Chinese common phrases

As we all know, China’s papermaking technology is famous far and wide, children who want to learn Chinese common phrases come over, let’s walk into the invention and spread of Chinese papermaking.

Papermaking is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. Compared with other writing materials, the surface of the paper is smooth, white and inked, and can also be dyed; The format is wide, there are many words, and it is easy to cut and make various types; Soft and fold-resistant, can be unrolled arbitrarily, easy to carry and store; Long life, easy to preserve; Papermaking raw materials are easy to find and low price; It is widely used for writing, printing, and packaging materials.

These incomparable advantages have made paper enduring, once invented, and spread all over the world and loved by the world.

From the cultural relics excavated by archaeology, it can be seen that early paper was made of plant fibers (hemp), so the “floc” in the Eastern Han Dynasty XuShen’s”Shuowen Jiezi” refers to hemp fiber.

In 1933, Mr. Huang Wenbi, a professor at Peking University, first discovered a piece of hemp paper at the Lop Nor Han beacon site in Xinjiang, “and at the same time, the unearthed person has a wooden simple from the first year of the Yellow Dragon (49 BC), which is the year of Emperor Xuan of Han, and this paper is also a Western Han dynasty.”

Until 1990, scholars found hemp paper made from the early to the last years of the Western Han Dynasty eight times in Xinjiang, Shanxi, Gansu and other places, all before Cai Lun “made paper” in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun summarized the experience of manufacturing hemp paper technology and carried out technological innovation on the basis of his predecessors, and organized the production of a batch of better quality hemp paper.

Not only that, he also broke through the papermaking technology of woody bast fiber, presided over the successful development of papermaking paper, made papermaking raw materials more extensive, and promoted the development of papermaking technology and papermaking industry.

By the time of the Wei and Jin dynasties and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in addition to hemp paper and Chinese skin paper, mulberry and rattan skin paper were also produced; In the Central Plains, bamboo curtain bed molds were commonly used, making paper the main writing material in this period.

The Sui and Tang dynasties were the heyday of hemp paper, and the invention of woodblock printing further promoted the prosperity of the paper industry. Bamboo paper was produced in the south at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and gold-flowered paper, water-patterned paper and calender paper decorated with gold and silver powder on colored paper were also invented during this period.

In the Song and Yuan dynasties, leather paper and bamboo paper became the main paper due to technological progress, and hemp paper began to decline due to raw material problems. The Ming Dynasty was the culmination stage of papermaking, and its technology was also recorded by Song Yingxing in “Tiangong Kaiwu Killing”. After the invention of Chinese papermaking, it began to spread to all parts of the world.

Chinese papermaking technology was introduced to Europe through the Arab world. The first European countries to come into contact with paper and papermaking technology were probably Spain, France and Italy. Paper appeared in Spain no later than the 10th century. The manuscript found in Santo Domingo is the earliest known Spanish text, made of flax fibre and glued with starch, similar to Arabic paper.

After the 18th century, with the development of culture, education and science, the consumption of paper in European countries increased day by day. Due to the single production of hemp paper, there has been a severe shortage of raw material supply, and people are constantly looking for alternatives.

At the same time, they once again turned their attention to China, the place where papermaking technology was invented, and sought new information on the development of China’s papermaking technology, so that China’s papermaking technology was directly introduced to Europe.

With the change of papermaking raw materials and the introduction and use of bendable bamboo curtain paper making technology, the production of paper in Europe increased greatly in the middle of the 18th century.

The bendability of Chinese paper-making bamboo curtains reflects an advanced papermaking way of thinking, so it has great development prospects and becomes a necessary ladder to modern papermakers. Hunter, a famous American paper historian, said: “Today’s big “machine” paper industry is built on the original oriental (referring to China) bamboo curtain paper molds. ”

In short, the papermaking technology invented by Chinese not only promoted the development of its own culture, education and science and technology, but also spread to all parts of the world through the Silk Road, which played a huge role in promoting the development of human civilization, especially modernization. After seeing Chinese papermaking, did the children have an interest in learning Chinese common phrases?

Chinese common phrases are not difficult, as long as we are patient and careful, we will discover the mystery. With the help of card memory, we hope that children can find fun and potential in language learning!

阅读中国古典故事，学习小六中文补习

想要学习小六中文补习的小朋友看过来啦！今天走近中国神话故事传说——《后羿射日》。

相传后羿生来就有射箭的天才，长大后更是臂力惊人，箭法超群。原先天空中有10个太阳，强烈的阳光烤焦了大地，庄稼枯死了，甚至连石头都快要熔化了，海水如同开水一样沸腾起来。

人们在灼热的阳光下几乎喘不过气来，凶狠的毒蛇野兽乘机出来残害人类。羿十分同情处于痛苦煎熬的民众，决心冒着生命危险，为民除害。这位擅长射箭的好汉，选择一处高地，张弓搭箭，对准天空一箭射去，只听“轰隆”一声巨响，一个太阳被射中了。

后羿一连射了9箭，9个太阳一个个地掉落下来。当他还想再射时，突然想到，如果没有太阳，大地将一片黑暗，人类难以生存，便留下最后一个太阳，让它造福于人类。

寓意：这个故事告诉我们，只要勇敢就一定能战胜一切。后羿的勇敢值得人们敬佩，他乐于助人的精神也值得我们学习。

后羿射日的故事告诉我们，勇敢与决心是克服困难的关键。面对生活中的挑战和困境，我们需要保持坚定的信念和毫不动摇的勇气。正如后羿在面对太阳时那样，我们必须充满自信地面对困难，并全力以赴去克服它们。只有通过努力和决心，我们才能迎来胜利和成功。

后羿射日的故事还提醒我们要珍惜和保护我们的环境。在故事中，太阳的炽热光芒给大地带来了毁灭性的影响。这是一个警示，提醒我们要保护我们的自然环境，避免对地球造成不可逆转的损害。我们每个人都有责任为保护地球共同努力，创造一个可持续发展的未来。

后羿射日的故事不仅仅是一个传说，它蕴含着深刻的寓意和启示。勇敢、决心以及环保意识，都是我们在面对困难时所需要的品质。通过这个故事的传承，我们可以从中得到力量和鼓舞，勇往直前，迈向美好的未来。

学习小六中文补习的小朋友们也要像后裔学习。学习是一件苦差事，我们肯定会遇到困难，但是我们需要努力克服！俗话说得好：“故天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。”

希望参加小六中文补习的小朋友们都能在学习中收获乐趣，感兴趣的小伙伴可以免费尝试一下试听课，希望我们一起共同成长！